EffectsofInflammatoryCytokineson theInitiationandProgressionof ColorectalCancer

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Chronic intestinal inflammation is a well-established high-risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with long-term inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)carry5–10timeshigherCRCriskthanhealthypopulations. Inflammatory cytokines secreted by intestinal immune cells, epithelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts construct a persistent pro-tumor microenvironment, driving adenoma-carcinoma sequence and serrated pathway malignant transformation. This review systematically classifies core pro-tumor and regulatory cytokines involved in CRC, elaborates how TNF- α , IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 promote tumor initiation via NF- κ B/STAT3 signaling, and illustrates dual regulatory roles of IL-10 and TGF- β in tumor immunity. We further discuss cytokine-mediated mechanisms including intestinal barrier destruction, cancer stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis and immune evasion, summarize clinical correlations between serum/tissue cytokine levels and CRC staging, metastasis and prognosis, and analyze anti-inflammatory intervention strategies for CRC prevention. Existing research gaps and future translational directions arediscussed toclarifythe inflammatory cytokine network as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC.

• 1N4455055Q9219-6574.pdf